Peptide Database
265 therapeutic peptides with research summaries, clinical findings, and regulatory status.
Eptifibatide (Integrilin)
A synthetic cyclic heptapeptide modeled after the KGD (Lys-Gly-Asp) disintegrin sequence found in the venom of the southeastern pygmy rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri). Eptifibatide is a potent, reversible glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist that blocks the final common pathway of platelet aggregation by preventing fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor binding to activated platelets.
Nesiritide (Natrecor)
A recombinant form of human B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), a 32-amino acid peptide naturally produced by ventricular cardiomyocytes in response to volume overload and wall stress. Nesiritide binds natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A), activating guanylyl cyclase and increasing intracellular cGMP to produce venous, arterial, and coronary vasodilation, natriuresis, and suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems.
Angiotensin II (Giapreza)
A synthetic form of the endogenous octapeptide angiotensin II, the primary effector of the renin-angiotensin system. Angiotensin II acts on AT1 receptors on vascular smooth muscle to produce potent vasoconstriction, and on the adrenal cortex to stimulate aldosterone release. Exogenous administration raises blood pressure in vasodilatory shock refractory to conventional vasopressors by restoring vascular tone through a mechanism complementary to catecholamine vasopressors.
Serelaxin (Relaxin-2)
Serelaxin is a recombinant form of human relaxin-2, a naturally occurring peptide hormone composed of two chains linked by disulfide bonds. It acts via the relaxin family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1) to promote vasodilation, inhibit fibrosis, and modulate hemodynamics. The therapeutic rationale targets acute heart failure by improving renal perfusion and reducing vascular resistance.
Carperitide (h-ANP)
Carperitide is a recombinant form of human atrial natriuretic peptide consisting of 28 amino acids. It activates guanylyl cyclase A receptors, increasing intracellular cyclic GMP to promote vasodilation, natriuresis, and diuresis. The peptide reduces cardiac preload and afterload while inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, providing therapeutic benefit in acute heart failure.
Ularitide (Urodilatin)
Ularitide is a synthetic 32-amino acid peptide analogue of urodilatin, a natriuretic peptide produced in renal tubular cells. It binds to guanylyl cyclase A receptors to increase cyclic GMP, resulting in vasodilation, enhanced sodium excretion, and suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The peptide was developed for treatment of acute decompensated heart failure with the goal of improving renal function and hemodynamics.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
Atrial natriuretic peptide is a 28-amino acid endogenous hormone secreted primarily by atrial cardiomyocytes in response to atrial stretch and volume expansion. It binds to natriuretic peptide receptor A, activating guanylyl cyclase to produce cyclic GMP, which mediates vasodilation, natriuresis, and inhibition of aldosterone and renin secretion. ANP plays a critical role in cardiovascular homeostasis and blood pressure regulation.
Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
Brain natriuretic peptide, despite its name, is a 32-amino acid hormone secreted predominantly by ventricular cardiomyocytes in response to ventricular stretch and pressure overload. It activates guanylyl cyclase A receptors to promote vasodilation, natriuresis, and suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems. BNP and its N-terminal fragment (NT-proBNP) are widely used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in heart failure.
C-type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP)
C-type natriuretic peptide is a 22-amino acid member of the natriuretic peptide family that selectively activates natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B). Unlike ANP and BNP, CNP is produced primarily in vascular endothelium and functions as a paracrine regulator of vascular tone and endothelial permeability with minimal direct renal effects. CNP also plays important roles in bone growth and chondrocyte proliferation through cyclic GMP signaling.
Urocortin 1
Urocortin 1 is a 40-amino acid peptide belonging to the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family. It binds to both CRF receptor 1 and CRF receptor 2 with high affinity, mediating diverse cardiovascular effects including vasodilation, positive inotropy, and cardioprotection. The peptide has demonstrated beneficial hemodynamic properties and anti-inflammatory actions in preclinical models of heart failure and ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Urocortin 2
Urocortin 2 is a 38-amino acid peptide member of the corticotropin-releasing factor family with selective affinity for CRF receptor 2. It exerts cardiovascular effects including coronary and peripheral vasodilation, increased cardiac contractility, and protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury through receptor-mediated cyclic AMP signaling. The selective receptor profile distinguishes it from urocortin 1 and may offer advantages in minimizing stress-axis activation.
Urocortin 3
Urocortin 3, also known as stresscopin, is a 38-amino acid peptide with high selectivity for CRF receptor 2. It produces vasodilation and increases cardiac contractility while exhibiting cardioprotective effects in models of cardiac stress and injury. The selective CRF2 receptor activation avoids hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stimulation, potentially offering a favorable profile for cardiovascular therapeutics.
Adrenomedullin
Adrenomedullin is a 52-amino acid peptide hormone produced by vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells with potent vasodilatory and natriuretic properties. It signals through calcitonin receptor-like receptor complexed with receptor activity-modifying proteins, increasing cyclic AMP to promote vasodilation, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory effects. Adrenomedullin also modulates vascular permeability and exhibits cardioprotective and renoprotective actions.
Angiotensin (1-7)
Angiotensin (1-7) is a seven-amino acid peptide component of the renin-angiotensin system formed through cleavage of angiotensin II by ACE2 or from angiotensin I by endopeptidases. It binds to the Mas receptor to produce vasodilation, anti-proliferative, anti-fibrotic, and anti-inflammatory effects that generally oppose the actions of angiotensin II. This counter-regulatory arm of the renin-angiotensin system represents a therapeutic target in hypertension, heart failure, and renal disease.
Apelin-13
Apelin-13 is a 13-amino acid endogenous peptide that represents the most potent and abundant isoform of the apelin family. It acts as the ligand for the APJ receptor (also known as the apelin receptor), a G protein-coupled receptor expressed in vascular endothelium, cardiomyocytes, and other tissues. The peptide induces vasodilation, enhances cardiac contractility, and modulates fluid homeostasis, providing therapeutic rationale for heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. Its structure consists of a highly conserved C-terminal sequence critical for receptor binding and biological activity.