Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
Overview
Atrial natriuretic peptide is a 28-amino acid endogenous hormone secreted primarily by atrial cardiomyocytes in response to atrial stretch and volume expansion. It binds to natriuretic peptide receptor A, activating guanylyl cyclase to produce cyclic GMP, which mediates vasodilation, natriuresis, and inhibition of aldosterone and renin secretion. ANP plays a critical role in cardiovascular homeostasis and blood pressure regulation.
Key Research Findings
ANP is an endogenous regulatory peptide rather than a therapeutic agent itself, though its recombinant form carperitide is approved in Japan. Plasma ANP levels serve as a biomarker in heart failure assessment, with elevations correlating with disease severity and prognosis in numerous observational studies.
Endogenous
Research Phase
Interested in Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)?
Find a verified provider experienced with Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) protocols in your area. All providers are credentialed and use compliant sourcing.
Find a Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) ProviderRelated Peptides
Eptifibatide (Integrilin)
FDA ApprovedA synthetic cyclic heptapeptide modeled after the KGD (Lys-Gly-Asp) disintegrin sequence found in the venom of the southeastern pygmy rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri). Eptifibatide is a potent, reversible glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist that blocks the final common pathway of platelet aggregation by preventing fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor binding to activated platelets.
Nesiritide (Natrecor)
FDA ApprovedA recombinant form of human B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), a 32-amino acid peptide naturally produced by ventricular cardiomyocytes in response to volume overload and wall stress. Nesiritide binds natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A), activating guanylyl cyclase and increasing intracellular cGMP to produce venous, arterial, and coronary vasodilation, natriuresis, and suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems.
Angiotensin II (Giapreza)
FDA ApprovedA synthetic form of the endogenous octapeptide angiotensin II, the primary effector of the renin-angiotensin system. Angiotensin II acts on AT1 receptors on vascular smooth muscle to produce potent vasoconstriction, and on the adrenal cortex to stimulate aldosterone release. Exogenous administration raises blood pressure in vasodilatory shock refractory to conventional vasopressors by restoring vascular tone through a mechanism complementary to catecholamine vasopressors.
Serelaxin (Relaxin-2)
InvestigationalSerelaxin is a recombinant form of human relaxin-2, a naturally occurring peptide hormone composed of two chains linked by disulfide bonds. It acts via the relaxin family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1) to promote vasodilation, inhibit fibrosis, and modulate hemodynamics. The therapeutic rationale targets acute heart failure by improving renal perfusion and reducing vascular resistance.