Intranasal Insulin
Overview
Intranasal insulin involves the administration of regular human insulin via nasal spray to target central nervous system insulin receptors without causing systemic hypoglycemia. Insulin signaling in the brain is implicated in synaptic plasticity, glucose metabolism, and amyloid clearance, providing a rationale for cognitive enhancement in insulin-resistant states and Alzheimer disease.
Mechanism of Action
Intranasal delivery bypasses the blood-brain barrier via olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways..
Research Summary & Key Findings
Multiple phase II trials have evaluated intranasal insulin in mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer disease, with some studies reporting modest improvements in memory and executive function. A large multicenter trial is ongoing, and prior smaller studies have been published in journals including Neurology and the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease over the past decade.
Clinical Status
Intranasal Insulin is currently undergoing clinical trials. It is not yet FDA-approved and is available only through clinical research settings or investigational protocols.
Administration Routes
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