Pentosan Polysulfate (Elmiron)
Overview
A semi-synthetic sulfated polysaccharide derived from beechwood hemicellulose with structural similarities to glycosaminoglycans. Pentosan polysulfate replenishes the defective glycosaminoglycan layer of the bladder urothelium in interstitial cystitis, reducing urothelial permeability to irritants. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic properties through inhibition of complement activation and mast cell histamine release.
Key Research Findings
FDA-approved for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (1996). Clinical trials demonstrated significant symptom improvement in 30-40% of patients. Post-marketing surveillance identified risk of pigmentary maculopathy with long-term use, prompting updated labeling (Hanif et al., Ophthalmology, 2019).
Oral
FDA Approved
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