SS-31 (Elamipretide)
Overview
A mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide (D-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2) that selectively concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane by binding to cardiolipin. SS-31 stabilizes cytochrome c interactions with cardiolipin, optimizing electron transport chain efficiency and reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. It restores mitochondrial bioenergetics in aged and diseased tissues without acting as a conventional antioxidant scavenger.
Key Research Findings
Phase 2 clinical trials in Barth syndrome (TAZPOWER) showed improvements in six-minute walk distance and cardiac function. Phase 3 trials in primary mitochondrial myopathy (MMPOWER-3) did not meet primary endpoint but showed trends in secondary outcomes. Preclinical studies demonstrated reversal of age-related mitochondrial dysfunction, diastolic heart failure, and skeletal muscle decline (Siegel et al., JACC, 2021).
Subcutaneous injection, Intravenous
In Clinical Trials
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