Leuprolide (Lupron) - Oncology
Overview
A GnRH agonist used in oncology for androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in prostate cancer and hormone suppression in premenopausal breast cancer. Chronic administration produces sustained downregulation of pituitary GnRH receptors, achieving medical castration with testosterone levels below 50 ng/dL. The initial testosterone flare can be mitigated by co-administration of an antiandrogen. Depot formulations provide sustained release for up to 6 months.
Key Research Findings
Cornerstone of prostate cancer treatment since the 1980s, replacing surgical orchiectomy as the primary method of androgen deprivation. Combined with radiation therapy in locally advanced prostate cancer based on RTOG trials showing overall survival benefit. ADT with leuprolide associated with metabolic side effects including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and osteoporosis requiring monitoring.
Intramuscular injection (depot), Subcutaneous injection
FDA Approved
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